Main part of Linux System:

• The Linux Kernel

  • System memory management(virtual memory)
  • Software program management(process)
  • Hardware management
  • FileSystem management

• The GUN utilities

  • The Core GNU Utilities
    • Utilities for handling files
    • Utilities for manipulating text
    • Utilities for managing processes
  • The Shell

• A graphical desktop environme

• Application software

• The Linux operating system uses an init system that utilizes run levels. A run level can be used to direct the init process to run only certain types of processes, as defined in the /etc/inittabs file or the /etc/rcX.d folders.

  1. The driver code allows the kernel to pass data back and forth to the device, acting as a middle man between application and the hardware. The Linux system identifies hardware devices as special files, called device fi les:

• Character

  • Character device files are for device that can only handle data one character at a time

• Block

  • For devices handle data in a large blocks at a time

• Network

  • For devices that use packets to send and receive data

Getting to the Shell

Command Line:

1. Console terminal
2. Graphical terminal